Szlak turystyczny
January 1st, 2007Szlak turystyczny – trasa wycieczkowa oznaczona specjalnymi symbolami wyznaczającymi jej przebieg i ułatwiającymi odnalezienie właściwej drogi.
Szlaki dzielą się na:
szlaki piesze (górskie i nizinne),
szlaki rowerowe (górskie i nizinne),
szlaki wodne (żeglarskie i kajakowe),
szlaki jeździeckie (górskie i nizinne),
szlaki narciarskie (górskie i nizinne),
szlaki motorowe (trasy turystyczne),
inne szlaki turystyczne.
Ponadto pośród szlaków pieszych, oprócz podstawowych szlaków turystycznych, wyróżnia się szlaki spacerowe, szlaki dojściowe i ścieżki dydaktyczne (np. przyrodnicze, historyczne). Szlaki rowerowe nie są drogami rowerowymi w rozumieniu Ustawy “Prawo o ruchu drogowym”.Spis treści [ukryj]
1 Szlaki piesze
1.1 Znakowanie
1.2 Historia
1.3 Znane szlaki piesze w Polsce
2 Linki zewnętrzne
Szlaki piesze
Szlaki turystyczne są znakowane w celu ułatwienia turystom dotarcia do najciekawszych miejsc regionu. Szlaki lądowe wykorzystują biegnące w terenie drogi i ścieżki, szlaki wodne przebiegają zaś przez pławne akweny i cieki wodne. Ze względów historycznych większość szlaków w Polsce ma oznakowanie zgodne z instrukcją znakowania szlaków turystycznych PTTK.
W Polsce na obszarze parków narodowych i rezerwatów przyrody są to zazwyczaj jedyne dopuszczalne trasy, po których mogą poruszać się turyści bez specjalnego zezwolenia.
Znakowanie
W Polsce przyjęte jest oznaczanie szlaku pieszego za pomocą trzech przylegających do siebie poziomych pasków, umieszczanych na drzewach, murach, skałach itp. Dwa zewnętrzne paski są barwy białej, natomiast środkowy jest wypełniony czarną, czerwoną, niebieską, zieloną czy żółtą farbą. Podstawowy znak ma wymiary 9×15 cm.
Kolor, którym oznaczony jest szlak nie ma związku z trudnością szlaku dla turysty pieszego, w przeciwieństwie do oznaczeń szlaków narciarskich – gdzie kolor decyduje o stopniu trudności trasy narciarskiej.
Monopol na znakowanie szlaków w obszarze większości parków narodowych ma w Polsce PTTK, zaś poza parkami można spotkać zarówno szlaki znakowane przez PTTK jak i szlaki znakowane przez inne instytucje (np: gminy, zarządy parków krajobrazowych itp.). Część szlaków znakowanych nie przez PTTK stosuje oznaczenia zgodne z PTTK, ale część stosuje swoje własne, nietypowe.
Znakowanym szlakom turystycznym może towarzyszyć odpowiednia infrastruktura turystyczna: tablice z opisem szlaku, czasami przejścia itp., miejsca do odpoczynku i ochrony przez złymi warunkami atmosferycznymi, sztuczne ułatwienia, spotykane zwłaszcza na terenach wysokogórskich, w postaci schodów, poręczy, drabinek, klamr, łańcuchów itp.
Historia
Powstałe w 1873 r. Galicyjskie Towarzystwo Tatrzańskie (potem Towarzystwo Tatrzańskie i Polskie Towarzystwo Tatrzańskie) za jeden z celów postawiło sobie zachęcanie do zwiedzania gór, ułatwianie dostępu i pobytu w nich turystom. Realizując te cele od roku 1874 rozpoczęto budowę m.in. ścieżek turystycznych. Z czasem zaistniała potrzeba umieszczania na ścieżkach dodatkowych znaków orientacyjnych – głównie malowanych farbą. Pierwszy polski szlak za pomocą drogowskazów wyznakował Leopold Wajgel już w 1880 (Krasny Łuh - Howerla). Począwszy od 1887, gdy Walery Eljasz wyznacza szlak do Morskiego Oka rozpoczęto udostępnianie tatrzańskich dolin, aż po śmiałe szlaki graniowe, takie jak np. Orla Perć (ks. Walenty Gadowski w latach 1903-1906). Od 1906 r. powstają pierwsze szlaki turystyczne w Beskidach Zachodnich.
Z początku szlaki turystyczne malowano cynobrem (czerwony minerał – siarczek rtęci HgS). Było to podyktowane bardzo dużą trwałością tak powstałych znaków. Miały one postać pojedynczego czerwonego paska. Później dla lepszej widoczności znaku zaczęto dodawać drugi pasek biały, co jednak upowszechniło się dopiero po 1914 roku. Pierwszą szczegółową instrukcję znakowania szlaków zaproponował w roku 1924 Feliks Rapf. W niej już znalazł się znak szlaku pieszego znany w Polsce dzisiaj – dwa białe paski z kolorowym w środku (5 kolorów do wyboru).
Ważnym wydarzeniem w historii szlaków turystycznych była tzw. wojna na pędzle (1925-1927) między powstałym w Frydku w 1893 roku niemieckim Beskidenverein, a Polskim Towarzystwem Tatrzańskim. Chodziło w niej o zapobieżenie monopolowi niemieckiemu w Beskidach Zachodnich. Na porządku dziennym było wzajemne przemalowywanie szlaków turystycznych (stąd nazwa). Po stronie polskiej w działaniach tych wyróżnili się szczególnie osiemnastoletni gimnazjalista z bielskiego gimnazjum im. Asnyka Władysław Midowicz, który poświęcił całe wakacje w roku 1925 na znakowanie polskich szlaków w rejonie Beskidu Żywieckiego (m.in. 11 czerwca 1925 r. w przeciągu niecałych dziesięciu godzin, wytyczył i wyznakował najefektowniejszą ścieżkę Beskidów, zwaną Percią Akademików) oraz profesor Stanisław Merta wraz z synem Józefem Mertą (studentem Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego), którzy w czasie wakacji 1927 r. przeznakowali prawie wszystkie dotychczasowe oznakowania BV w obrębie Babiej Góry i Pilska.
Po II wojnie światowej i po połączeniu 17 grudnia 1950 PTT i PTK w PTTK szlaki turystyczne rozpoczęły ekspansję również na nizinach. Początkowo znakowano wyłącznie szlaki piesze, lecz już wkrótce pojawiły się szlaki rowerowe (w latach 90.) i wodne. Pomysł znakowania szlaków jeździeckich pojawił się dopiero w latach dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku, gdy umożliwiła ich znakowanie gęsta sieć ośrodków turystyki jeździeckiej (szlaki jeździeckie ze względu na swoją specyfikę muszą mieć w odległości jednego dnia wędrówki ośrodki jeździeckie). Powstają również trasy dla turystów zmotoryzowanych – oznakowane w terenie specjalnymi tablicami (np. Szlak Piastowski i Trasa Kórnicka w województwie wielkopolskim).
W roku 2003 w Polsce wyznaczonych było 58 292 km szlaków turystycznych, w większości pieszych. Z tej liczby 9211 km stanowiły szlaki rowerowe, a 785 km narciarskie.
Szlak śladami dobrego wojaka Szwejka
Znane szlaki piesze w Polsce
Główny Szlak Beskidzki
Główny Szlak Gór Świętokrzyskich
Główny Szlak Sudecki
Mały Szlak Beskidzki
Podwarszawski Szlak Okrężny
Szlak architektury drewnianej
Szlak Orlich Gniazd
Szlak Zamków Piastowskich
Szlak Piastowski
Droga św. Jakuba
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